Renal cell carcinoma, or kidney cancer, is a deadly condition affecting millions globally, ranking as the 14th most common cancer worldwide with a rising incidence of around 403,000 new cases annually. It develops when kidney cells grow out of control, leading to symptoms like flank pain, high blood pressure, and blood in the urine. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, and while the exact causes of kidney cancer are unknown, several lifestyle factors can increase the risk.
- Diet High in Processed Foods: Fast, junk, and processed foods are often high in sodium and phosphorus, which can strain the kidneys. A 2018 study found a 10% increase in kidney cancer risk for those consuming ultra-processed foods, while red and processed meats have been linked to lower dietary quality.
- Excessive Painkiller Use: Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics can harm the kidneys and increase the risk of renal cancer. These medications can put immense pressure on the kidneys, leading to renal damage over time.
- High Salt Intake: A diet high in salt can disrupt the sodium balance in the body, leading to reduced kidney function and increased blood pressure. This strain on the kidneys can contribute to kidney disease and cancer.
- Dehydration: Not drinking enough water can lead to dehydration, which can increase the risk of kidney damage and certain kidney diseases. Dehydration makes it harder for the kidneys to remove waste from the blood, leading to the production of concentrated urine that can form crystals and affect kidney function.
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Studies suggest that drinking alcohol can increase the risk of kidney cancer. Alcohol must be metabolized and filtered out of the body by the kidneys, so excessive consumption can strain these organs and potentially lead to kidney issues.
Signs and symptoms of kidney cancer may include blood in the urine, a lump or mass in the kidney area, flank pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, bone pain, high blood pressure, anemia, and high calcium levels. While kidney cancer may not always show early symptoms, recognizing these signs can lead to early detection and better outcomes.